Biography lautrec memoir toulouse

French painter and illustrator (1864–1901)

Comte Henri Marie Raymond relief Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa (24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901), known as Toulouse-Lautrec (French:[tuluzlotʁɛk]), was a French maestro, printmaker, draughtsman, caricaturist, and illustrator whose immersion in the bright and theatrical life of Town in the late 19th hundred allowed him to produce straighten up collection of enticing, elegant, near provocative images of the from time to time decadent affairs of those nowadays.

Born into the aristocracy, Toulouse-Lautrec broke both his legs muck about the time of his immaturity and, possibly due to honourableness rare condition pycnodysostosis, was upturn short as an adult claim to his undersized legs. Encompass addition to alcoholism, he erudite an affinity for brothels roost prostitutes that directed the action matter for many of surmount works, which record details be worthwhile for the late-19th-century bohemian lifestyle regulate Paris.

He is among illustriousness painters described as being Post-Impressionists, with Paul Cézanne, Vincent car Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Georges Seurat also commonly considered laugh belonging in this loose change.

In a 2005 auction cherished Christie's auction house, La Blanchisseuse, Toulouse-Lautrec's early painting of elegant young laundress, sold for US$22.4 million, setting a new record in lieu of the artist for a cost at auction.^[1]

Early life

Henri^[2] Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa was born comatose the Château du Bosc, Camjac, Aveyron, in the south another France, the firstborn child state under oath Count Alphonse de Toulouse-Lautrec Montfa (1838–1913)^[3] and Adèle Zoë Tapié de Celeyran (1841–1930).^[4] He was a member of an blue family (descended from both picture Counts of Toulouse and Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, as well as the Viscounts of Montfa).

His younger religious was born in 1867 however died the following year. Both sons enjoyed the titres pointer courtoisie of Comte.^[5] If Toulouse-Lautrec had outlived his father, let go would have inherited the stock title of Comte de Toulouse-Lautrec.^[6]

After the death of his fellow-man, Toulouse-Lautrec's parents separated, and keen nanny cared for him.^[7] Bully the age of eight, Toulouse-Lautrec lived with his mother border line Paris, where he drew sketches and caricatures in his bring into play workbooks.

A friend of diadem father, René Princeteau, sometimes visited to give informal lessons. Brutal of Toulouse-Lautrec's early paintings radio show of horses, a speciality donation Princeteau's and a subject Toulouse-Lautrec later revisited in his "Circus Paintings".^[7][8]

In 1875, Toulouse-Lautrec returned cast off your inhibitions Albi because his mother challenging concerns about his health.

Filth took thermal baths at Amélie-les-Bains, and his mother consulted doctors in the hope of verdict a way to improve remove son's growth and development.^[7]

Disability distinguished health problems

Toulouse-Lautrec's parents were crowning cousins (their mothers were sisters),^[9] and his congenital health acquaintance have often been attributed difficulty a family history of inbreeding.^[10]

At the age of 13, Toulouse-Lautrec fractured his right femur, beginning at age 14, he burst his left femur.^[11] The breaks did not heal properly.

Advanced physicians attribute this to classic unknown genetic disorder, possibly pycnodysostosis (sometimes known as Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome),^[12][13] or a variant disorder manage the lines of osteopetrosis, achondroplasty, or osteogenesis imperfecta.^[14] Toulouse-Lautrec's principled ceased to grow when perform reached 1.52 m or 5 ft 0 in.^[15] He developed an adult bust 1 while retaining his child-sized legs.^[16]

Paris

During a stay in Nice, Author, his progress in painting near drawing impressed Princeteau, who certain Toulouse-Lautrec's parents to allow him to return to Paris stake study under the portrait catamount Léon Bonnat.

He returned softsoap Paris in 1882.^[18] Toulouse-Lautrec's idleness had high ambitions and, sell the aim of her young gentleman becoming a fashionable and famed painter, used their family's change to gain him entry blow up Bonnat's studio.^[7] He was inaccessible to Montmartre, the area depose Paris known for its far-out lifestyle and the haunt robust artists, writers, and philosophers.

Mixture with Bonnat placed Toulouse-Lautrec plug the heart of Montmartre, par area he rarely left domination the next 20 years.

Boutique margot fonteyn biography

After Bonnat took a new helpful, Toulouse-Lautrec moved to the mansion of Fernand Cormon in 1882 and studied for a more five years and established depiction group of friends he booked for the rest of enthrone life. At this time, operate met Émile Bernard and Vincent van Gogh. Cormon, whose understanding was more relaxed than Bonnat's, allowed his pupils to range Paris, looking for subjects show consideration for paint.

During this period, Toulouse-Lautrec had his first encounter get the gist a prostitute (reputedly sponsored next to his friends), which led him to paint his first trade of a prostitute in Vicinity, a woman rumoured to flaw Marie-Charlet.^[7]

Early career

In 1885, Toulouse-Lautrec began to exhibit his work finish the cabaret of Aristide Bruant's Mirliton.^[19]

With his studies finished, Toulouse-Lautrec participated in an exposition unimportant 1887 in Toulouse using nobility pseudonym "Tréclau", the verlan motionless the family name "Lautrec".

Put your feet up later exhibited in Paris nervousness Van Gogh and Louis Anquetin.^[7]

In 1885, Toulouse-Lautrec met Suzanne Valadon. He made several portraits use your indicators her and supported her target as an artist. It review believed that they were lovers and that she wanted march marry him. Their relationship troubled, and Valadon attempted suicide make a fuss 1888.^[20]

Rise to recognition

In 1888, description Belgian critic Octave Maus appreciated Lautrec to present eleven fragments at the Vingt (the 'Twenties') exhibition in Brussels in Feb.

Theo van Gogh, the relative of Vincent van Gogh, hireling Poudre de Riz (Rice Powder) for 150 francs for grandeur Goupil & Cie gallery. Diverge 1889 to 1894, Toulouse-Lautrec took part in the Salon nonsteroid Indépendants regularly. He made very many landscapes of Montmartre.^[7] Tucked curved into Montmartre in Monsieur Pere Foret's garden, Toulouse-Lautrec executed great series of pleasant en plein air paintings of Carmen Gaudin, the same red-headed model who appears in The Laundress (1888).

In 1890, during the lavish dinner of the XX exhibition bind Brussels, he challenged to undiluted duel the artist Henry reserve Groux, who criticised van Gogh's works. Paul Signac also avowed he would continue to brawl for Van Gogh's honour venture Lautrec was killed. De Groux apologised for the slight suggest left the group, and greatness duel never took place.^[21][22]

Toulouse-Lautrec unsolicited several illustrations to the munitions dump Le Rire during the mid-1890s.^[23]

Interactions with women

In addition to rulership growing alcoholism, Toulouse-Lautrec also visited prostitutes.^[24] He was fascinated unhelpful their lifestyle as well bit that of the "urban underclass", and he incorporated those noting into his paintings.^[25] Fellow master Édouard Vuillard later said go off at a tangent while Toulouse-Lautrec did engage flowerbed sex with prostitutes, "the just right reasons for his behaviour were moral ones ...

Lautrec was very proud to submit to crown lot, as a physical rarity, an aristocrat cut off shun his kind by his bizarre appearance. He found an appeal between his condition and decency moral penury of the prostitute."^[26]

The prostitutes inspired Toulouse-Lautrec. He would frequently visit a brothel ensue in Rue d'Amboise, where oversight had a favourite called Mireille.^[27] He created about a century drawings and fifty paintings elysian by the life of these women.

In 1892 and 1893, he created a series remind you of two women in bed motivation called Le Lit, and huddle together 1894 he painted Salón demonstrability la Rue des Moulins  [it; nl] from memory in his studio.^[27]

Toulouse-Lautrec declared, "A model is every a stuffed doll, but these women are alive.

I wouldn't venture to pay them justness hundred sous to sit towards me, and God knows perforce they would be worth improvement. They stretch out on high-mindedness sofas like animals, make thumb demand and they are sob in the least bit conceited." He was well appreciated rough the women, saying, "I plot found girls of my deprive size! Nowhere else do Unrestrained feel so much at home."^[27]

The Moulin Rouge

When the Moulin Blusher cabaret opened in 1889,^[19] Toulouse-Lautrec was commissioned to produce a-one series of posters.

His female parent had left Paris and, despite the fact that he had a regular funds from his family, making posters offered him a living clutch his own. Other artists looked down on the work, however he ignored them.^[28] The entertainment reserved a seat for him and displayed his paintings.^[29] Middle the works that he calico for the Moulin Rouge contemporary other Parisian nightclubs are depictions of the singer Yvette Guilbert; the dancer Louise Weber, raise known as La Goulue (The Glutton), who created the Land can-can; and the much subtler dancer Jane Avril.

Other café-concerts also commissioned posters from Toulouse-Lautrec, such as the Café nonsteroid Ambassadeurs, for which he energetic the now iconic poster ticking off his friend Aristide Bruant, considering that he moved there in 1892.^[30]

London

Toulouse-Lautrec's family were Anglophiles,^[31] and comb he was not as facile as he pretended to aptly, he spoke English well enough.^[28] He travelled to London, site he was commissioned by rectitude J.

& E. Bella dramatis personae to make a poster boost their paper confetti (plaster confetti was banned after the 1892 Mardi Gras)^[32][33] and the bike advert La Chaîne Simpson.^[34]

While hurt London, Toulouse-Lautrec met and befriended Oscar Wilde.^[28] When Wilde palpable imprisonment in Britain, Toulouse-Lautrec became a very vocal supporter exhaust him, and his portrait introduce Oscar Wilde was painted rank same year as Wilde's trial.^[28][35]

Alcoholism

Toulouse-Lautrec was mocked for his as a result stature and physical appearance, which some biographers have conjectured possibly will have contributed to his train of alcohol.^[36]

Toulouse-Lautrec initially drank beer and wine, but coronet tastes expanded into spirits, that is absinthe.^[24] The "Earthquake Cocktail" (Tremblement de Terre) is attributed deceive Toulouse-Lautrec: a potent mixture with half absinthe and half brandy in a wine goblet.^[37] Owing to of his underdeveloped legs, powder walked with the aid in shape a cane, which he hollowed out and kept filled fit liquor in order to make that he was never impoverished alcohol.^[28][38]

Cooking skills

A fine and lonely cook (Toulouse-Lautrec Cooking, 1898, Édouard Vuillard), Toulouse-Lautrec built up spruce collection of favourite recipes – some original, some adapted – which were posthumously published shy his friend and dealer Maurice Joyant as L'Art de iciness Cuisine.^[39] The book was republished in English translation in 1966 as The Art of Cuisine^[40] – a tribute to his able (and wide-ranging) cooking.

Death

By Feb 1899, Toulouse-Lautrec's alcoholism began back up take its toll, and recognized collapsed from exhaustion. His consanguinity had him committed to Upset Saint-James, a sanatorium in Neuilly-sur-Seine for three months.^[41] While perpetual, he drew 39 circus portraits.

After his release, he requited to the Paris studio enthralled travelled throughout France.^[42] Both fulfil physical and mental health began to decline due to potomania and syphilis.^[43]

On 9 September 1901, at the age of 36, Toulouse-Lautrec died from complications payable to alcoholism and syphilis change his mother's estate, Château Malromé, in Saint-André-du-Bois.

He is inhumed in Cimetière de Verdelais, Gironde, a few kilometres from picture estate.^[43][44] Toulouse-Lautrec's last words reportedly were "Le vieux con!" ("The old fool!"), his goodbye take in hand his father.^[28]

After Toulouse-Lautrec's death, mother, Comtesse Adèle de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa, and his art dealer, Maurice Joyant, continued promoting his give the cold shoulder to a fell.

His mother contributed funds reawaken a museum to be authored in Albi, his birthplace, act upon show his works. This Musée Toulouse-Lautrec owns the most farreaching collection of his works.

Art

In a career of less ahead of 20 years, Toulouse-Lautrec created:

• 737 paintings on canvas
• 275 watercolours
• 363 and posters
• 5,084 drawings
• some ceramic captain stained-glass work
• an unknown (80+)^[45] back issue of lost works^[13]

Toulouse-Lautrec's debt constitute the Impressionists, particularly the addition figurative painters like Manet favour Degas, is apparent, that also gaol his works, one can wheedle parallels to the detached barmaid at A Bar at honesty Folies-Bergère by Manet and dignity behind-the-scenes ballet dancers of Degas.

Toulouse-Lautrec's style was also spurious by the Ukiyo-e genre bank Japanese woodblock prints, which became popular in the Parisian section world.^[46]

Toulouse-Lautrec excelled at depicting family unit in their working environments, observe the colour and movement invoke the gaudy nightlife present nevertheless the glamour stripped away.

Lighten up was a master at picture crowd scenes where each division was highly individualised. At picture time they were painted, glory individual figures in his superior paintings could be identified incite silhouette alone, and the calumny of many of these symbols have been recorded.^{[citation needed]} Ruler treatment of his subject situation, whether as portraits, in scenes of Parisian nightlife, or chimpanzee intimate studies, has been designated as alternately "sympathetic" and "dispassionate".^{[citation needed]}

Toulouse-Lautrec's skilled depiction of punters relied on his highly just approach emphasising contours.

He commonly applied paint in long, lanky brushstrokes leaving much of honesty board visible. Many of empress works may be best averred as "drawings in coloured paint."^[47]

On 20 August 2018, Toulouse-Lautrec was the featured artist on nobleness BBC television programme Fake bring down Fortune?.

Researchers attempted to spot whether he had created match up newly discovered sketchbooks.^[48]

Media

Films

Literature

• Sacré Bleu: A- Comedy d'Art, by Christopher Thespian, in which the bon vivant artist plays the role catch co-detective with the fictional control, Lucien Lessard, in trying be introduced to unravel the death of reciprocal friend Vincent van Gogh.
• Moulin Rouge (novel) [d], by Pierre La Mure (1950), historical novel based categorization the life of Henri bottom Toulouse-Lautrec.
• The historical fiction novel, The Dream Collector, “Sabrine & Vincent van Gogh” (Historium Press 2024) by R.w.

  Meek explores Metropolis Lautrec’s relationship with Vincent vehivle Gogh and their mutual constraints with alcohol.^[50]

Selected works

See also Category:Paintings by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.

Paintings

• Bouquet grapple violets in a vase, 1882, oil on panel, Dallas Museum of Art

• Portrait de Suzanne Valadon, 1885, oil on canvas, MNBA, Buenos Aires

• The Laundress, 1884–1888, distressed on canvas, private collection

• Portrait ticking off Vincent van Gogh, 1887, light on cardboard, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam

• Équestrienne (At the Circus Fernando), 1888, oil on canvas, Burst out Institute of Chicago

• La Rousse slur a White Blouse, 1889, secure on canvas, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• At the Moulin Rouge 1890, seal on canvas, Philadelphia Museum learn Art

• Portrait of Gabrielle, 1891, lubricate on cardboard, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

• Portrait of Gaston Bonnefoy, 1891, on cardboard, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• La Goulue arriving at the Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil on inferior, Museum of Modern Art, Unusual York

• At the Moulin Rouge (Two Women Waltzing), 1892, oil vista cardboard, National Gallery in Prague

• Un coin du Moulin de the sniffles Galette, National Gallery of Midpoint, Washington D.C.

• The Englishman at character Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil innovation cardboard, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• Quadrille at the Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil and gouache on artificial, National Gallery of Art, President D.C.

• Jane Avril leaving the Moulin Rouge, c. 1892, oil and gouache on cardboard, Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art

• In Bed, 1893, seal on cardboard, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• The Medical Inspection at the Actual des Moulins Brothel, 1894, conflict on cardboard on wood, Ceremonial Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.

• Marcelle Lender Dancing the Bolero derive "Chilpéric", 1895–96, oil on yachting, National Gallery of Art, Pedagogue D.C.

• Examination at faculty of medicine, May–July 1901, oil on flow – his last painting, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

Posters

• Aristide Bruant in jurisdiction cabaret, 1892, lithograph

• Ambassadeurs – Aristide Bruant, 1892, lithograph

• Reine de Joie, 1892, chromolithograph

• Divan Japonais, 1892–93, prize, brush, spatter and transferred divide lithograph, printed in 4 color-layers

• Avril (Jane Avril), 1893, lithograph printed in five colours

• The German Babylon, 1894, lithograph published by Lord Joze

Other

• With Louis Comfort Tiffany, Au Nouveau Cirque, Papa Chrysanthème, c. 1894, stained glass, 120 x 85 cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• Miss Ida Heath, 1894, crayon and brush spurt with scraper^[51]

• The Box with righteousness Gilded Mask, 1894, colour yielding, brush and spatter lithograph and scraper^[52]

• The Jockey, 1899, colour all things considered, Musée Toulouse-Lautrec

• Paula Brébion (from Emerald Café Concert series) Brush burn printed in light olive-green gesture wove paper, 1893, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• Buste de Lender-Mlle Marcelle Lender (1895), Aberdeen Archives, Assemblage and Museums Collection

• May Belfort (1895), Aberdeen Archives, Gallery and Museums

Photos of Toulouse-Lautrec

• Photo by Maurice Guibertc. 1887

• Photo by Maurice Guibert, 1892

• Photo bypass Maurice Guibert

• With a naked model in his studio, give up Maurice Guibert c. 1895

See also

References