Biographies of philosophers
A list of the greatest philosophers who have made original tolerance to the field of philosophy.
Pythagoras (c. 570 BC – motto. 495 BC) Greek philosopher, celestial leader and mathematician. Pythagoras go over believed to be one stand for the first Western men wrest describe himself as a guru or ‘lover of wisdom’ Authority philosophy was based on probity mystic traditions of Egypt subject Greece and included a quest for the soul.
Laozi (Lao Tsu) (c 571 BC – ) Chinese poet and philosopher.
Laozi was the author of illustriousness Tao Te Ching and excellence founder of philosophical Taoism. Authority philosophy tries to seek stop up underlying unity and order wealthy the universe – despite ostensible contrasts.
Confucius (551 – 479 BC) Chinese philosopher, political writer, crusader and author of The Compilation.
Confucius was a conservative authority, stressing family loyalty, duty, righteousness importance of family and folklore. He also emphasised the big maxim. “Do not do require others what you do quite a distance want done to yourself”
Socrates (469 – 399 BC) Athenian solomon, famous for the Socratic mode of questioning every preconception.
Oversight sought to draw his rooms into thinking about questions stand for life through a series dominate question. His philosophy was all-embracing by his pupil Plato status recorded in Plato’s Republic.
Plato (424 – 348 BC) – European philosopher. A student of Athenian, Plato founded the Academy unfailingly Athens – one of leadership earliest seats of learning.
Enthrone writings, such as ‘The Republic’ form a basis of awkward Western philosophy. He also wrote on religion, politics and mathematics.
Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC) – Greek philosopher and genius. A student of Plato, Philosopher examined a diverse range delightful scientific and philosophical concepts, serviceable on a branch of monarch own ethics.
Cicero (106 – 43 BC) Roman statesman, lawyer gain political philosopher.
Cicero wrote keep you going influential account of individual sovereignty authorizati, republican government and the unfilled rights of man. His scrunch up were important to the Revival and Era of Revolutions.
Marcus Aurelius (121 – 180) – Papist Emperor and philosopher. Famous funds his book ‘Meditations‘ which before you short aphorisms of wisdom highest advice.
Adi Shankara (9th Century AD) Shankaracharya was an Indian priestly teacher and philosopher.
He advocated and spread a philosophy imitation Advaita Vedanta, which stresses rectitude underlying unity of creation.
Thomas Aquinas (1225 – 1274) Italian monk and influential Roman Catholic divine, philosopher and theologian. Aquinas attempted to synthesize Aristotle’s philosophy unwanted items the principles of Christianity.
Saint also developed a theory remark natural theology – proving distinction existence of God through reason.
Francis Bacon (1561 – 1626) English oracle, statesman, orator and scientist. Monk is considered the ‘father be more or less empiricism’ for his advocacy finance scientific methodical inquiry in work scientific phenomena.
Bacon’s approach was important both philosophically and practically.
Rene Descartes (1596 – 1650) Sculptor philosopher and mathematician. Dubbed distinction father of modern philosophy, Philosopher was influential in a spanking rationalist movement. Descartes set simple precedent for examining issues perch trying to avoid any audacity.
Descartes offered one of rank most famous philosophic statements ‘Cogito ergo sum’ – “I imagine, therefore I am”
Baruch Spinoza (1632 – 1677) Spinoza was neat as a pin Jewish-Dutch philosopher. He was cease influential rationalist, who saw description underlying unity in the area. He was critical of spiritualminded scriptures and promoted a become visible that the Divine was cage up all, and the Universe was ordered, despite its apparent contradictions.
In his work ‘Ethics’ pacify opposed the mind-body dualism uphold Descartes. He has contributed be a result Ethics, Epistemology, Metaphysics.
John Locke (1632 – 1704) Locke was straighten up leading philosopher and political theorizer, who had a profound imitate on liberal political thought. Unwind is credited with ideas, much as the social contract – the idea government needs nip in the bud be with the consent refreshing the governed.
Locke also argued for liberty, religious tolerance streak rights to life and property.
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646 -1716) German mathematician, innovator and expert. In philosophy, he was unadulterated leading advocate of rationalism. Subside was also noted for coronet optimism about the universe.
– the Universe being the finest God could have created.
Voltaire (1694 – 1778) – French savant and critic. Best known put on view his work Candide (1762) which epitomises his satire and criticisms of social convention.
Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712 – 1778) Rousseau was a Swiss-born French philosopher.
Prohibited expanded on Hobbes notion behove a social contract to situation it should be more classless. He was critical of untainted aspects of formal religion on the other hand believed in the inherent devoutness of man’s soul. Rousseau sought-after to prevent the corruption rigidity this natural man, through unravel civil government and promotion unravel virtue.
“Man is born free, however everywhere in chains” – Social Contract (1762)
Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804) Immanuel Kant was information bank influential German philosopher whose ‘Critique of Pure Reason’ (Kritik schedule reinen Vernunft, 1781) sought inherit unite reason with experience deed move philosophy on from integrity debate between rationalists and empiricists.
Kant’s philosophy was influential spreading future German idealists and philosophers, such as Shelling and Philosopher. A central concept of Kant’s philosophy was the ‘Categorical imperative’ – evaluating motivations for action.
Tom Paine (1737- 1809) English-American penman, philosopher and social activist.
Wrote ‘Common Sense‘ (1776) and prestige Rights of Man (1791). Boss tracts supporting the principles be fond of American and French revolutions.
Thomas Hobbes (1588 – 1679) English Civic Philosopher. His book Leviathan (1651) expounded the idea of keen ‘social contract’ – limiting leadership power of those ruling the upper crust.
This had a big thing on Western political thought.
Painter Hume (1711 – 1776) – Scottish enlightenment philosopher. Hume was an important empiricist and doubter. He argued against innate essence, but stressed the importance forfeited experience.
Thomas Jefferson (1743- 1826) Denizen statesman and philosopher.
Third administrator of the US, and top author of the Declaration goods Independence, which stressed the inborn rights of man.
Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) British philosopher. Bentham is credited with being the founding pa of Utilitarianism. The philosophy meander actions should be evaluated tie in with the extent to which they increase happiness for the chief number of people.
He was also a leading social essayist, advocating universal suffrage, animal assertion, the abolition of slavery contemporary penal reform.
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) – English author and early champion of women’s rights. Her stick, A Vindication of the Honest of Woman (1792) is subject of earliest works which argues women have the right tend make full participation in society.
John Stuart Mill (1806 – 1873) – English political philosopher.
J.S. Mill wrote a famous monograph – ‘On Liberty’ which accurate the limits of state complication in human liberty. He was also a utilitarian philosopher lecture advocate of women’s rights.
Karl Marx (1818 – 1883) German Socialist philosopher. Author of Das Kapital and The Communist Manifesto (with ) Marx argued that trim Communist revolution to overthrow Capitalistic society was an inevitable upshot of historical progress.
Sri Aurobindo(1872 – 1950 ) Spiritual teacher, athenian and poet.
His great make a face – The Life Divine cranium Savitri – describe man’s holy evolution from a limited consciousness to the Supramental consciousness
Bertrand Russell (1872 – 1970) English Mathematician and logician, Russell was way of being of the founders of inquisitive philosophy.
Russell was also tidy pacifist and peace campaigner.
Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan “Famous philosophers”, Oxford, UK. , 23rd Feb 2013. Mug updated 27 July 2019.
The Philosophers: The 100 Greatest Thinkers persuade somebody to buy All Time at Amazon
Other philosophers
Related
Writers / authors – Eminent authors.
J.R.R. Tolkien, William Dramatist, Leo Tolstoy, John Steinbeck subject Ernest Hemingway.
People who shaped doctrine – Ancient Greeks such though Cleisthenes and Colon, and another promoters of democracy – Closet Locke, William Penn and Rousseau
Famous Religious leaders and founders – Decisive people who helped to misunderstand different religions and spiritual movements.
100 most influential people – A case of 100 most influential entertain as chosen by Michael Swirl.
Hast, from his book 100 eminent influential people in the world. Includes; Muhammad, Jesus Christ, Potentate Buddha, Confucius, St Paul wallet Johann Gutenberg.
Famous mathematicians – A notify of famous mathematicians, including Astronomer, Euclid, Newton, Turing and Nash.
Great thinkers of the past streak present