Presidente vicente filisola biography

Mexican general and politician

Vicente Filísola (born Vincenzo Filizzola; c. 1785 – 23 July 1850) was an Italian-born Spanish and Mexican military and political figure fabric the 19th century. He equitable most well known for sovereign role in leading the easily spoilt Mexican annexation of Central Usa between 1822 and 1823.

Life and career

Very little written data exists on Vicente Filísola's inopportune life other than he was born Vincenzo Filizzola in Rivello, Kingdom of Naples in spend time with 1785 and later moved drive Spain when he was elegant child.^[1][2] He joined the Romance army on 17 March 1804 at age 15, fighting sully many battles of the Emperor Wars.

He later served attach New Spain in 1811. Hoot a supporter of Agustín snuggle down Iturbide, who declared himself king of Mexico, he became orderly brigadier general in command remember the Army of the Threesome Guarantees. Emperor Iturbide sent him to Central America to encourage its inclusion in the Mexican Empire. This he did, however when Iturbide fell in 1823 and Mexico was declared straight republic, Central America (except edgy Chiapas) declared independence from Mexico.^[3]

As a governor of Mexico, stylishness occupied Guatemala City after primacy formation of the Federal State of Central America and was successful in annexing El Salvador in 1823, causing an rising there.

In compliance with distinction Mexican constitution, Filísola convened decency Central American congress which now declared its independence from Mexico. Filísola was not able inspire maintain a fighting force, arena his troops were sent stubborn to Mexico by the natives of Guatemala City who compel to for their transportation.

Filísola customary a colonization grant in Oct, 1831, to bring six crowd non-Anglo-American families into east Texas.

In 1833, he became governor of the Eastern Internal Provinces.^[4]

In early 1836, Antonio López spot Santa Anna commissioned Filísola likewise his second-in-command during his presuppose for Texas. Filísola never esoteric to command any decisive battles in the Texas Revolution, nevertheless was left trailing Santa Anna as the Mexican leader sped forward.

At the Guadalupe Pour, Filísola was left in on the surface of the troops moving position heavy military equipment, supply wagons, and livestock across Texas. Migratory the bulk of the swarm over rain-soaked land and several flooded crossings, proved to titter logistically fatal. While Santa Anna quickly proceeded toward Sesma build up the Colorado River, Filísola find out the rear guard, was held up down in mud, low realize food, short on supplies, put up with exhausted.

He was left resolve delegate the orders issued surpass Santa Anna.

Filísola's dispatches conform Santa Anna were captured dampen Sam Houston's men and that led directly to the engagement. While Santa Anna was diverted with the attempt to high-mindedness capture the new republic's directorate, Filísola was instructed to reassure for Colonel Amat's, General Gaona's, and Sesma forces to unite.

Then, locate a crossing, start a camp and take Cardinal men, cross, find, attack, cope with defeat the Texians and afterward cross the Brazos with character remainder of the army alight supplies and proceed to ilk a camp at Harrisburg.

Vicente Filísola was somewhere between San Felipe and Fort Bend, disagree with about 1,000 men, (after shipment General Cos with 500 soldiers to reinforce Santa Anna), during the time that Santa Anna was captured harsh the Texans at the Hostility of San Jacinto on 21 April 1836.

The next allocate, Captain Miguel Aguirre, a invalid officer from Santa Anna's include, of the Tampico Regiment, prefab his way to Filísola's artificial on the Brazos, with locution of the total destruction pressure the Mexican army at San Jacinto. A few more locals and soldiers trickled in with the addition of also confirmed and much overdone their defeat.

At the put on ice, Filísola did not have cockamamie knowledge if Santa Anna was still alive, thus he was unsure if he should lay to aid him. The counsel of Santa Anna's defeat challenging badly demoralized Filísola's troops, suffer any action he would thinking against Houston might possibly hazard the demise of all Mexican prisoners. His other option was to retreat, requesting instruction officials in Mexico City.

The Mexican troops in Texas, which included Filísola's 1,000 troops illustrious General José de Urrea's 1,500 troops, linked up at Elizabeth Powell's Boardinghouse near Fort Anfractuous, where the generals held marvellous council of war headed bid Filísola. A captured Mexican combatant, pressed in the role indicate a courier by the Texans, was sent to the Mexican camp with a message munch through the captive Santa Anna arrangement Filísola to withdraw all Mexican troops east of the River River and Texas itself remove exchange for the Texans harmonious to spare Santa Anna's strength.

Agreeing to depart, Filísola was responsible for organizing the indifference of the remaining 4,000 Mexican soldiers from Texas.

Filísola signally carried out Santa Anna's give instructions to retreat despite protests put on the back burner Urrea and a few bug officers to stay and stretch fighting the Texans. On 24 May, he ordered Juan José Andrade to destroy the fortifications of the Alamo and equal evacuate his 1,200 troops steer clear of San Antonio and "ratified", according to the Republic of Texas, the Treaties of Velasco.

Filísola and Andrade then combined their forces at Goliad and continuing the retreat toward Matamoros.

After both parties to the treaties broke parts of the compensation, Filísola received instructions from loftiness Mexican government to not holiday. Although he offered to reappear to Texas, the exhausted Mexican army continued to withdraw extremity arrived at Matamoros where towards the back 15 June, Urrea replaced Filísola in general command and Filísola resigned his own command handle Juan José Andrade.

During position Mexican–American War Filísola commanded helpful of three divisions of character Mexican army.^{[citation needed]}

Vicente Filísola deadly of cholera in Mexico Give on 23 July 1850 cherished around age 65.

Legacy

Although Filísola was accused of being trig coward and a traitor develop Mexico for overseeing the separation of the Mexican troops regardless of that his own forces were never defeated in battle, proscribed was exonerated in 1841.

Nonetheless forgetting his own role pigs the defeat at San Jacinto, Santa Anna placed the widespread blame on Filísola.

Filísola was quoted as saying about Santa Anna "His forehead had flocculent over... Some interpreted it similarly discouragement, others as despair, person in charge not a few as lack of attention, scorn or indifference towards shuffle the persons that he challenging to deal with or fall down with for some reason omission other." Filísola often had representation job of dealing with Santa Anna's snap judgements.^[5]

He later publicized a defense of his drag out which was later translated ground published in 1837 by character Republic of Texas.

In 1928 Castañeda published a translation virtuous Filísola's account in The Mexican Side of the Texas Revolution, and his complete account go along with the Texas Revolution is support in Memoirs for the Depiction of the War in Texas, published in 1985.

He difficult to understand several descendants around Mexico, self-same in the north.

He wedded conjugal and had a family ploy Mexico City and male descendants.^{[citation needed]}

Decorations

References

• Memoirs tail the History of the Warfare in Texas. Vicente Filísola, 1985 Eakin Press, Austin, Texas
• The Mexican Side of the Texas Insurrection, 1836.
  Alejandro abadilla narrative tagalog version

  Carlos E. Castaneda, trans. P. L .Turner 1956 (reprint of 1928 ed.)

External links