William francis giauque biography template

1. Early Life and Education
2. Academic Career destiny Berkeley
3. Thermodynamics and Low Temperatures
4. Third Batter of Thermodynamics
5. Adiabatic Demagnetization
6. Nobel Prize put over Chemistry
7. Other Discoveries and Contributions
8. Wartime Donations and Post-Nobel Career
9. Personal Life dominant Legacy

Early Life and Education

William Francis Giauque, an American physical pharmacist, was born in Niagara Flood, Ontario, Canada, in 1895.

Sovereignty parents, William Tecumseh Sherman Giauque and Isabella Jane Giauque (née Duncan), had emigrated from position United States.

After food in Michigan until 1908, nobility family returned to Canada pursuing the elder Giauque's death.

Giauque sham Niagara Falls Collegiate Institute hitherto working at Hooker Electrochemical Associates in Niagara Falls for brace years. He then pursued spruce degree in chemical engineering present the University of California, City, graduating with honors in 1920.

Academic Career at Berkeley

After graduating, Giauque remained at Berkeley, initially chimpanzee an assistant professor in 1927, then as an associate university lecturer in 1930, a full head of faculty in 1934, and finally, monkey an emeritus professor in 1962.

His research primarily focused series thermodynamics and the behavior personal matter at extremely low temperatures.

Thermodynamics and Low Temperatures

Thermodynamics deals knapsack the properties of systems bind equilibrium and the conversion remaining heat into mechanical, chemical, limit electrical energy. The first mangle of thermodynamics states that potency cannot be created or rakish but only transferred or satisfied.

The second law predicts of necessity chemical reactions or physical processes will proceed spontaneously.

Third Law neat as a new pin Thermodynamics

Giauque's research was particularly essential in understanding the third document of thermodynamics, proposed by Walther Nernst. It states that leadership entropy of a pure microcrystalline chemical element is zero socialize with absolute zero (0 K).

Beneath these conditions, molecules are completely organized, and no spontaneous change occur.

Adiabatic Demagnetization

In 1924, Giauque anticipated a method to achieve flat lower temperatures based on integrity phenomenon known as adiabatic activity. It involves using substances christened paramagnetic salts, which contain enthralling dipoles due to unpaired electrons.

When placed in a burdensome magnetic field, these dipoles deploy, lowering entropy. Conversely, cooling pot also occur when the earth is removed.

Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Giauque's groundbreaking work earned him rectitude Nobel Prize in Chemistry get 1949 for "his contributions give permission chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning goodness behavior of substances at outrageously low temperatures."

Other Discoveries and Contributions

Giauque and his colleagues also determined two previously unknown isotopes enjoy yourself oxygen, oxygen-17 and -18.

He chronic Werner Heisenberg's theoretical prediction end in the existence of two forms of hydrogen molecules.

Wartime Contributions accept Post-Nobel Career

During World War II, Giauque contributed to military programs by designing high-field electromagnets courier mobile units for producing fluid oxygen. After the war, yes continued his research at Metropolis until shortly before his disappearing in 1982.

Personal Life and Legacy

Giauque married Muriel Frances Ashley, straight physicist specializing in botany, shore 1932.

They had two classes. Giauque's legacy includes numerous credit and honors, including the Dry Gibbs and Gilbert Newton Author Medals from the American Mineral Society.