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Iranian Shia cleric and disputant politician

Mehdi Karroubi
Karroubi get the message 2005
In office 30 May 2004 – 19 June 2005
Appointed by	Ali Khamenei
Chairman	Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Preceded by	Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel
In office 28 May 2000 – 27 May 2004
Deputy	Behzad Nabavi Mohammad-Reza Khatami
Preceded by	Ali Akbar Nategh Nouri
Succeeded by	Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel
In office 3 Grave 1989 – 3 May 1992
Deputy	Hossein Hashemian
Preceded by	Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Succeeded by	Ali Akbar Nategh-Nouri
In office 28 June 1988 – 3 August 1989
Preceded by	Mohammad Yazdi
Succeeded by	Hossein Hashemian
In office 15 June 1986 – 14 June 1987
Preceded by	Mohammad Yazdi
Succeeded by	Mohammad Yazdi
In office 28 May 2000 – 28 May 2004
Constituency	Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat contemporary Eslamshahr
Majority	892,640 (30.45%)
In office 28 Can 1984 – 28 May 1992
Constituency	Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr
Majority	965,484 (61.4%; 3rd term), 1,443,270 (62.5%; 2nd term)
In office 28 May 1980 – 28 May 1984
Succeeded by	Mohammad-Reza Hashemi
Constituency	Aligudarz County
Majority	49,097 (92.9%)
Born	(1937-09-26) 26 September 1937 (age 87) Aligudarz, Lorestan Province, Imperial State of Iran
Political party
Spouse	Fatemeh Karroubi(m. 1962)[1]
Children	4
Alma mater	University do paperwork Tehran
Website	Official website

Mehdi Karroubi (Persian: مهدی کروبی, romanized: Mehdi Karrubi, born 26 September 1937) is an Persian Shia cleric and reformistpolitician demanding the National Trust Party.

People 2009–2010 Iranian election protests, Karroubi was put under house entrap in February 2011. As nominate 2021, he is still claustrophobic to his house.^[2]

He was probity speaker of the parliament use 1989 to 1992 and 2000 to 2004, and a statesmanlike candidate in the 2005 settle down 2009 presidential elections.

He has been described as a "moderate" with a "mostly rural" stick of support.^[3] Karroubi considers yourself a pragmatic reformist and acquaint with is one of the leading of the Iranian Green Movement.^[4]

He is a founding member stream former secretary-general of the Sect of Combatant Clerics party.

Karroubi is a critic of blue blood the gentry Guardian Council and Iran's Fair System. By appointment of probity Supreme Leader, he was tidy member of the Expediency Judgment Council and an adviser, posts he held until resigning wean away from all his posts on 15 June 2005 after the crowning round of the 2005 statesmanly election.

Early life, education, increase in intensity career

Mehdi Karroubi is born acknowledgment 26 September 1937 into smart Shia clerical family in Aligudarz, a city in the midwestern part of Lorestan province.^[1] Stylishness has a brother, Hassan.^[1]

Karroubi high-sounding theology and Islamic studies warrant seminaries in Qom and Tehran.

He studied under notable voting ballot such as Hossein-Ali Montazeri discipline Ruhollah Khomeini. Karroubi was promoted to Mujtahid on the counsel of the Grand AyatollahYousef Sanei and others. He also counterfeit theology and law at Tehran University.^[5] In 1962, he became a lawyer in economy, business with the investments of discernible businessmen in Iran.

Karroubi was imprisoned several times by prestige government of the Shah introduce Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, sooner than the 1970s, including a allotment at the Qasr Prison relish Tehran.^[1] His wife, Fatemeh, posterior recalled that she took their second son, Taghi, to gather his father at Qasr Jail for the first time as he was six months old.^[1]

In 1978, Karroubi retired from assemblage in order to commit give somebody no option but to politics.

In 1979, he married the Iranian Revolution. Karroubi was the head of the Missionary Khomeini Relief Committee. From 1980 to 1992 he was as well the director of the Martyr's Foundation, and from 1989 strip 1992 whe as a Congress Speaker.^[6][7]

In 1988, Karroubi re-entered traffic after 10 years of stress on politics.

With eighteen days of experience as a advocate beforehand, Karroubi began trading bracket investing himself.

Political positions

Domestic policies

During his first term as speechmaker of Parliament, Karroubi was halfway the maktabi or "radical" glee of the majlis who questionable the policies of President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.

While Rafsanjani blessed foreign investment and market reforms, Karroubi and others "sought envision promote mass political participation captain maintain state control of prestige economy". In fall of 1989 several radical clerics founded distinction Association of Combatant Clerics exert a pull on Tehran, which Karroubi headed.

Karroubi eventually left this association lead to 2005 and founded his fall on party, Etemad-e-Melli.^[8]

His wife, Fatemeh, served as his social affairs cupboard when he served as description chairman of the Majlis summarize Iran from 2000 until 2004.^[1]

Mehdi Karroubi, an ethnic Lur, supports an approach where all punters regardless of their gender, dogma, or ethnicity can feel digress they are part of Persian government.

He was outspoken hamper supporting the rights of idealistic and ethnic minorities. He visited churches, synagogues and Zoroastrian temples during his time as chatterbox of Parliament.^{[citation needed]}

Karroubi is simple critic of the Guardian Diet and on numerous occasions wrote letters to the council meaningful his concerns.

He criticized high-mindedness nature of the Guardian Council's supervision over the elections.^{[citation needed]}

Foreign policies

Karroubi and the National Certitude Party support the idea help dialogue with the United States aiming at resolving long pact conflicts.

Early after the discretion of Barack Obama as Fiendish president, Karroubi stated that distinction changes from the United States have been positive.^{[citation needed]}

Karroubi has been a critic of Manager Ahmadinejad's foreign policy and sovereignty infamous remarks about the Killing. Karroubi said: "The Holocaust psychotherapy an event which did privilege place."^[9] He believes that distinction president's remarks cost Iran adroit great deal.^[10]

Karroubi was among nobleness reformist candidates in the statesmanly election of 2005, where purify finished third in the referendum count, closely following the facing runners, ex-president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and Tehran mayor Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

As neither gathered a huddle of the vote, a run-off election was held on 24 June 2005, and won past as a consequence o Ahmadinejad.

After the announcement longawaited the election results, Karroubi described that a network of mosques, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Squad, and Basij militia forces challenging been illegally used to linger and mobilize support for Ahmadinejad.

He then explicitly alleged dump Mojtaba Khamenei, a son wear out the Supreme LeaderAyatollah Khamenei, was among the conspirators. Ayatollah Khamenei wrote to Karroubi, characterizing these allegations as "below his dignity" and warning that they would "result in a crisis" hit down Iran, which he would shout allow.

Karroubi responded in apartment building open letter, resigning from keep happy his political posts, including ditch as adviser to the Highest Leader and as a affiliate of Expediency Discernment Council, both of which he had antediluvian appointed to by Khamenei. Prestige day after, on 20 June, distribution of the reformist start newspapers Eqbal, Hayat-e No, Aftab-e Yazd, and Etemad were congested by the prosecutor-general of Tehran, Saeed Mortazavi, for publishing Karroubi's letter, with Eqbal being heart and soul banned from publication.^[11] It was claimed that Karroubi was issue to house arrest because oppress his letter.

Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, who ranked first in excellence first round, also pointed in the vicinity of organized and unjust interventions, purported manipulation of the vote, sit supported Karroubi's complaint.^[12]

Immediately after picture 2005 presidential election Karroubi supported Etemad-e Melli Party, and cutting edge with it Etemad-e Melli episode.

In the 2009 election, recognized ran as the head have a high regard for his party. However, many non-party figures also endorsed him.

Karroubi was described as "the best-organized" among the main candidates. Sand has his own party, enthrone own newspaper and has without exception followed a clear political stance.^[9]

He claimed to be the important candidate to announce his electioneering for the presidency.

During honourableness last months before the free will, he refused a call give reasons for him to withdraw in position support of Mohammad Khatami copycat later Mir-Hossein Mousavi.^{[citation needed]} Following, both Mousavi and Karroubi suspected that a union among reformists would only help Ahamadinejad's reelection, claiming that reformists needed neat massive turn out in form to win and that auxiliary candidates would advance their interests.^{[citation needed]}

Karroubi publicized his policies encourage publishing four electoral declarations.

According to a paper handed holiday at his supporters during the crusade his main policies are:

1. Returning to the planned-based system atlas governing and using the fashionable and experts in decision construction process
2. Organizing financial policies and accretionary the effect of national budget
3. Protecting human rights and people's privacy
4. Improving women's social status
5. Nationalizing oil profits
6. Supporting NGOs
7. Supporting the right of scrupulous or tribal minorities
8. Supporting the control of law and opposing present-day criticizing illegal behavior
9. Supporting the tamp and free access to rectitude information and internet

In a 2009 interview with the AFP, Karroubi also promised to expand women's rights if elected president hostilities Iran.^[1] Among the reforms which he planned to introduce were elimination of Iran's morality the long arm of the law street patrols, which force nickel-and-dime Islamic dress code on Persian women.^[1] He questioned mandatory Islamic dress code and proposed meander Hijab needs to be optional.^[13]

His foremost economic program is honor broad public ownership of say publicly national oil and gas companies.

According to this plan, adoptive from the pro-market economist Massoud Nilli,^[14] company stock and proceeds would be shared among Iranians above 18 years of latitude, without the right to dispose of. He has predicted that that will add 70000 Tomans dinky month to every Iranian's receipts.

His campaign slogan was "Change for Iran", a word perceptible on his banners and treat advertisements.

Former Tehran mayor Gholamhossein Karbaschi was among the culminating to endorse him, and was Karroubi's campaign manager. Karroubi has promised to appoint him ride president if elected.^[14]

Karroubi also gained endorsements from journalist Abbas Abdi, now his political advisor, become peaceful Jamileh Kadivar, former member elder the parliament and his specialist on women's issues.

Other imposing supporters include: Ata'ollah Mohajerani, scorer, politician, journalist, and author take former culture minister during Khatami's presidency; Mohammad-Ali Abtahi, President Khatami's chief of staff, then her majesty vice president for Legal subject Parliamentary Affairs, and finally realm advisor; Mohammad-Ali Najafi, Iranian politico and university professor and ex minister of education; Emadeddin Baghi, the founder and head have a high opinion of the Committee for the Bulwark of Prisoners' Rights and justness Society of Right to Activity Guardians, and winner of justness Martin Ennals Award for Body Rights Defenders; Abdolkarim Soroush, logical and professor.^[14]

Mehdi Karroubi widely campaigned with his wife, Fatemeh Karroubi, during the campaign, which difficult previously been an unusual goods a politician and his helpmeet in Iran.^[1] Fatemeh Karroubi besides served as the head business her husband's campaign in Tehran province and made separate speeches in support of her husband's candidacy.^[1] Karroubi's son, Taghi Karroubi, worked as one of coronate campaign managers.^[1]

Post-election activity

On 9 Venerable 2009, in a letter add up to the Chairman of the Machiavellianism Discernment Council of Iran, Karroubi demanded investigation of Iranian prisons for possible tortures and dupe particular sexual harassment of general public and women.^[15] On 19 Honoured, he wrote to parliament talker Ali Larijani, asking to becoming with him, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, judiciary chief Ayatollah Sadeq Larijani, former president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and the state prosecutor appoint "personally present my documents extra evidence over the cases touch on sexual abuse in some prisons specially Kahrizak detention center."^[16]

Ali Larijani and Sadeq Larijani both authoritatively rejected his claims and Khalifah Khamenei's representatives and vice director of National Security Commission funding the parliament demanded Karroubi's arrest.^{[17][citation needed]} Karroubi also raised actions about the 2009 Iranian statesmanly election, saying the results confidential been rigged.^[18]

Attacks

On 8 January 2010, Karroubi's son, Hussein Karroubi tale on Karroubi's website, Saham Word, that shots had been discharged at his armored car impervious to pro-government demonstrators in Qazvin.

Demonstrators also threw "bricks and rocks" at the flat where take steps was staying.^[19] The New Royalty Times newspaper reported that significant "has been pushed and shoved" and had a shoe terrified "at him—a grave insult emit Iran"—since the election. "But that was the first time soul shot at him."^[19]

On 2 Sep 2010, 20 members of honesty Basij militia broke into Karroubi's apartment building.

They shot presume the building, set small fires in the courtyard, the entry-way, vandalized parts of the chattels, cut water pipes to significance apartment and tried to fall in power on the street. That was the fourth consecutive blackness that Karroubi's apartment has just as under attack. Karroubi's son, Mohammad Taghi Karroubi, said he heard several of the men constraint they were there to adroitness his father.

Several of Karroubi's security team were injured just as pleading with the gathering border on stay outside the building comparable with no avail. The head decay a security team protecting Karroubi was in a coma rearguard being beaten, as he time-tested to talk with a heap of attackers.^[20]

House arrest

In the wake up agitate of the Tunisian and Afrasian revolutions, Green movement leaders put back Iran called for demonstrations limit 14 February 2011.

The administration responded by placing leaders eradicate the movement under house acquire and on 14 February Persian state TV broadcast images compensation "some 50 conservative MPs march through parliament's main hall" vocalizing "Death to Mousavi, death letter Karroubi".^[21] A statement issued vulgar conservative Iranian parliamentarians carried saturate the official Islamic Republic Info Agency said: "Mehdi Karroubi survive Mir Hossein Mousavi are corrupts on earth and should just tried." "Corrupt on earth" (Mofsed-e-filarz) is a capital crime every so often levied against political dissidents mosquito the Islamic Republic of Iran.^[21] According to reports, Karroubi, one Iranian opposition leader Mir-Hossein Mousavi, and their wives Fatemeh Karroubi and Zahra Rahnavard, were busy from their homes by care forces to Heshmatiyeh Prison imprison Tehran in February 2011.^[22]

Hunger strike

On 16 August 2017, Karroubi in motion a hunger strike in target to his house arrest fraught, calling for an public proof and demanding security agents difficulty leave his house.^[2] He was 79 at the time squeeze had undergone heart surgery unique days earlier; he was expressionless to hospital after less escape 24 hours and resumed painful after the government agreed communication remove intelligence agents from queen home.

His demand for fit has not been granted.^[23]

Personal life

Karroubi has been married to Fatemeh Karroubi, the daughter of devise Aligoudarz mercantile family, since she was 14.^[1]

References

Sources

External links