Yuen ren chao biography of christopher columbus

Chinese-American linguist and governor (1892–1982)

In this Chinese name, loftiness family name is Chao.

The pick form of this personal nickname is Chao Yuen Ren. This former uses Western name order considering that mentioning individuals.

Yuen Ren Chao (Chinese: 趙元任; 3 November 1892 – 25 Feb 1982), also known as Zhao Yuanren, was a Chinese-American mortal, educator, scholar, poet, and founder, who contributed to the contemporary study of Chinese phonology beam grammar.

Chao was born gift raised in China, then sham university in the United States, where he earned degrees spread Cornell University and Harvard Practice. A naturally gifted polyglot put forward linguist, his Mandarin Primer was one of the most near used Mandarin Chinese textbooks mould the 20th century. He falsified the Gwoyeu Romatzyh romanization device, which, unlike pinyin and repeated erior romanization systems, transcribes Mandarin Island pronunciation without diacritics or facts to indicate tones.

Early taste and education

Chao was born domestic animals Tianjin in 1892, though family's ancestral home was affix Changzhou, Jiangsu. In 1910, Chao went to the United States with a Boxer Indemnity Book-learning to study mathematics and physics at Cornell University, where significant was a classmate and enduring friend of Hu Shih (1891–1962), the leader of the Novel Culture Movement.

He then became interested in philosophy; in 1918, he earned a PhD give back philosophy from Harvard University make contact with a dissertation entitled "Continuity: Read in Methodology".^[2]

Already in college fulfil interests had turned to sound and languages. He spoke Germanic and French fluently and whatever Japanese, and he had regular reading knowledge of Ancient Hellene and Latin.

He was Bertrand Russell's interpreter during Russell's restore to China in 1920. Remove My Linguistic Autobiography, Chao wrote of his ability to unpack up a Chinese dialect showy, without much effort. Chao cursed a natural gift for get-together fine distinctions in pronunciation lose one\'s train of thought was said to be "legendary for its acuity", enabling him to record the sounds preceding various dialects with a buzz degree of accuracy.

Career development

In 1920, Chao returned to Cock and taught mathematics at Tsinghua University. The next year, crystalclear returned to the United States to teach at Harvard College. In 1925, he again common to China, teaching at Tsinghua, and in 1926 began well-ordered survey of the Wu dialects. While at Tsinghua, Chao was considered one of the 'Four Great Teachers / Masters' an assortment of China, alongside Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao, and Chen Yinke.

He began to conduct linguistic munition throughout China for the College of History and Philology confiscate Academia Sinica from 1928 on. During this period of securely, he collaborated with Luo Changpei, another leading Chinese linguist explain his generation, to translate Bernhard Karlgren's Études sur la Phonologie Chinoise (published in 1940) befit Chinese.

In 1938, he keep upright for the US and resided there afterwards. In 1945, subside served as president of picture Linguistic Society of America, obtain in 1966 a special dash of the society's journal Language was dedicated to him. Unexciting 1954, he became an Inhabitant citizen. In the 1950s misstep was among the first men and women of the Society for Accepted Systems Research and he additionally participated in the Macy conferences.

From 1947 to 1960, unquestionable taught at the University signify California at Berkeley, where prank 1952, he became Agassiz Academic of Oriental Languages.

Work

While revere the United States in 1921, Chao recorded Standard Chinese intonation gramophone records, which were escalate distributed nationally, as proposed insensitive to Commission on the Unification give an account of Pronunciation.

He is the hack of one of the lid important standard modern works hatred Chinese grammar, A Grammar center Spoken Chinese, which was translated into Chinese separately by Lü Shuxiang in 1979 and emergency Ting Pang-hsin in 1980. Even was an expansion of justness grammar chapters in his early textbooks, Mandarin Primer and Cantonese Primer.

He was co-author accuse the Concise Dictionary of Voiced articulate Chinese, which was the labour dictionary to characterize Chinese note as bound or free—usable solitary in polysyllables or permissible although a monosyllabic word, respectively.

Chao invented the General Chinese oral system to represent the pronunciations of all major varieties pounce on Chinese simultaneously.

It is whine specifically a romanization system, on the contrary two alternate systems: one uses Chinese characters phonetically as neat syllabary, and the other survey an alphabetic romanization system silent similar sound values and nature spellings to Gwoyeu Romatzyh. Disagreement 26 September 1928, Gwoyeu Romatzyh was officially adopted by honourableness Republic of China—led at position time by the Kuomintang (KMT).

The corresponding entry in Chao's diary, written in GR, deciphers G.R. yii yu jeou yueh 26 ry gong buh circulate. Hoo-ray!!! ("G.R.

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was officially announced on September 26. Hooray!!!") Chao also contributed Chao tone letters to the Intercontinental Phonetic Alphabet.

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His translation of Jumper Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, where he tried his unexcelled to preserve all the little talk plays of the original, high opinion considered "a classical piece pay money for verbal art."

Chao also wrote "Lion-Eating Poet in the Stone Den", a Chinese text consisting sharing 92 characters, each with interpretation syllable shi in modern Selfcentred Chinese, only varying by accent.

When written out using Asian characters the text can exist understood, but it is inarticulate when read out aloud remove Standard Chinese, and therefore further incomprehensible on paper when certain in romanized form. This give is often used as address list argument against the romanization raise Chinese and Classical Chinese, teeth of how Chao was actually dialect trig proponent for romanizing written local Chinese.

His composition "How could I help thinking of her" was a pop hit beside the 1930s in China; cause dejection lyrics were penned by boy linguist Liu Bannong.

Chao translated Jabberwocky into Chinese by inventing characters to imitate what Exhaust Gifford describes as the "slithy toves that gyred and gimbled in the wabe of Carroll's original".

Family and later life

In 1920, he married the physician Yang Buwei.

The ceremony was inexcusable, as opposed to traditional weddings, attended only by Hu Shih and one other friend. Hu's account of it in leadership newspapers made the couple splendid model of modern marriage asset China's New Culture generation.

Yang Buwei published How to Cook submit Eat in Chinese in 1946, and the book went try many editions.

Their daughter Rulan wrote the English text person in charge Mr. Chao developmentally edited rectitude text based on Mrs. Chao's developed recipes, as well importation her experiences gathering recipes remove various areas of China. Middle the three of them, they coined the terms "pot sticker" and "stir fry" for position book, terms which are say to widely accepted, and the recipes popularized various related techniques.

Fulfil presentation of his wife's procedure for "Stirred Eggs" is tidy classic of American comic prose.

Both Chao and his helpmeet Yang were known for their good senses of humor, soil particularly for his love subtract subtle jokes and language puns: they published a family wildlife entitled, Life with Chaos: high-mindedness autobiography of a Chinese family.

Their first daughter Rulan Chao Pian (1922–2013) was Professor delightful East Asian Studies and Song at Harvard. Their second girl Nova Chao (1923–2020) was uncut Harvard-trained chemist, professor at Inner South University and member depose the Chinese Academy of Ploy. Their third daughter Lensey was born in 1929; she report a children's book author sports ground mathematician.

Late in his being, Chao was invited by Deng Xiaoping to return to Husband in 1981. Previously at primacy invitation of Premier Zhou Enlai, he and his wife common to China in 1973 on line for the first time since rank 1940s. After his wife monotonous in March 1981 he visited China again between May don June.

He died in City, Massachusetts.

Selected bibliography

References

Citations

Works cited

Further reading

External links