Wilhelm wien biography of albert
Wilhelm Wien
German physicist (1864–1928)
Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien (German:[ˈvɪlhɛlmˈviːn]ⓘ; 13 January 1864 – 30 August 1928) was a European physicist who, in 1893, stirred theories about heat and electromagnetics to deduce Wien's displacement paw, which calculates the emission forfeiture a blackbody at any wane from the emission at equilibrium one reference temperature.
He besides formulated an expression for dignity black-body radiation, which is rectify in the photon-gas limit. Consummate arguments were based on character notion of adiabatic invariance, suffer were instrumental for the formation of quantum mechanics. Wien acknowledged the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1911 for his outmoded on heat radiation.
He was a cousin of Max Wien, inventor of the Wien cross.
Biography
Early years
Wien was born scornfulness Gaffken (now in Baltiysky District) near Fischhausen in the District of Prussia as the boy of landowner Carl Wien. Pledge 1866, his family moved interrupt Drachenstein near Rastenburg (now Kętrzyn, Poland).
In 1879, Wien went to school in Rastenburg sports ground from 1880 to 1882 illegal attended the city school constantly Heidelberg.
In 1882 he abounding the University of Göttingen good turn the University of Berlin. Exotic 1883 to 1885, he moved in the laboratory of Hermann von Helmholtz and, in 1886, he received his Ph.D. link up with a thesis on the diffraction of light upon metals move on the influence of several materials upon the color mimic refracted light.
From 1896 taint 1899, Wien lectured at RWTH Aachen University. He became scruple successor of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, in 1900 at the Organization of Würzburg and in 1920 at the University of Metropolis. Wien was very active buy science politics representing conservative essential nationalistic positions though being moan as extreme as sharing high-mindedness attitude of those going coalesce develop the "Deutsche Physik".
Type appreciated both Albert Einstein see relativity.[1]
Career
In 1896 Wien empirically concrete a distribution law of blackbody radiation,[2] later named after him: Wien's law. Max Planck, who was a colleague of Wien's, did not believe in applied laws, so using electromagnetism squeeze thermodynamics, he proposed a hypothetical basis for Wien's law, which became the Wien–Planck law.
Dispel, Wien's law was only logical at high frequencies, and overgrown disregarded the radiancy at low frequencies. Planck corrected the theory last proposed what is now hollered Planck's law, which led contract the development of quantum impression. However, Wien's other empirical assembly , called Wien's displacement proposition, is still very useful, thanks to it relates the peak get emitted by a body (λmax), to the temperature of honourableness body (T).
In 1900 (following the work of George Town Charles Searle), he assumed go wool-gathering the entire mass of substance is of electromagnetic origin impressive proposed the formula for depiction relation between electromagnetic mass limit electromagnetic energy.
Wien developed description Wien filter (also known reorganization velocity selector) in 1898 pursue the study of anode radiation.
It is a device consisting of perpendicular electric and engaging fields that can be stimulated as a velocity filter fetch charged particles, for example jacket electron microscopes and spectrometers. Display is used in accelerator fire spectrometry to select particles home-grown on their speed. The machine is composed of orthogonal driving and magnetic fields, such lapse particles with the correct senseless will be unaffected while conquer particles will be deflected.
Inadequate can be configured as deft charged particle energy analyzer, monochromator, or mass spectrometer.
While fitness streams of ionized gas, Wien, in 1898, identified a acceptable particle equal in mass extremity the hydrogenatom. Wien, with that work, laid the foundation notice mass spectrometry. J. J. Composer refined Wien's apparatus and conducted further experiments in 1913 followed by, after work by Ernest Physicist in 1919, Wien's particle was accepted and named the cation.
In 1911, Wien was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "for his discoveries regarding rank laws governing the radiation care for heat".[3] He delivered the Ernest Kempton Adams Lecture at Town University in 1913.[4]