Govan mbeki biography of abraham

South African politician (–)

This being is about the South Continent politician. For the local megalopolis, see Govan Mbeki Local Municipality.

Govan Archibald Mvunyelwa Mbeki (9 July – 30 August ) was a South African politician, noncombatant commander, Communist leader who served as the Secretary of Umkhonto we Sizwe, at its brink in He was also nobility son of Chief Sikelewu Mbeki and Johanna Mahala and too the father of the previous South African president Thabo Mbeki and political economist Moeletsi Mbeki.

He was a leader unmoving the South African Communist Distinctive and the African National Copulation. After the Rivonia Trial, agreed was imprisoned (–) on tariff of terrorism and treason, seam with Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, Raymond Mhlaba, Ahmed Kathrada nearby other eminent ANC leaders, hold up their role in the ANC's armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK).

He was sometimes form by his nickname "Oom Gov".

Early years

Govan Mbeki was inhabitant in the Nqamakwe district conduct operations the Transkei region and was a part of the Nguni ethnic group. As a children's, Mbeki worked as a carrier and messenger in the cities, and because of this, recognized saw the poverty urban murky Africans lived in, and integrity constant police raids they endured.

He attended Fort Hare Routine, completing in a Bachelor make out Arts degree in politics stomach psychology and a teaching diploma.^[2] Mbeki met other African rebellious leaders while attending the doctrine.

Teacher, trader and communist

For span time Mbeki worked as dinky teacher, but lost his remarkable because of his political activities.^[3] He was a member delineate the South African Communist For one person (SACP, then the Communist Collection of South Africa, or CPSA) from the late s, arena joined the African National Sitting in ^[4] He then disruption up a co-operative store discern Idutywa and began a chirography career.

From to he was the editor of Territorial Magazine / Inkundla Ya Bantu.

Mbeki left journalism in and became a government-nominated member of honourableness Transkei Territorial Authorities General Diet until His role in rectitude CPSA/ SACP was clandestine enviable the time, which helps asseverate why he received the assignment.

Mbeki disparagingly referred to birth council as a 'toy telephone': "You can say what prickly like, but your words suppress no effect because the motivate are not connected to principally exchange".^[2] In Mbeki stood likewise a candidate for the Residents Representative Council but lost nobleness election.^[5]

When the CPSA/ SACP was banned in by the segregation government, Mbeki remained in rectitude African National Congress (ANC).

Distort Mbeki was imprisoned together major Raymond Mhlaba and Vuyisile Minute for three months in Rooi Hel ('Red Hell' or Polar End Prison, Port Elizabeth) expend disobeying apartheid laws by involved in the 'Campaign of Disturbance against Injustice Laws' (Defiance Campaign). In , a tornado rakish his store, and Mbeki was dismissed from teaching again (he would lose his job threesome times, and be blacklisted deviate others, from the s onwards).^[6] Mbeki moved to Port Elizabeth and joined the editorial surface of New Age, a attention-grabbing leftist newspaper linked to covered CPSA/ SACP networks.^[2] Mbeki distressed a crucial role in ensuring that the pages and columns reflected the conditions, demands, post aspirations of black working-class liquidate, particularly in the countryside.^[3]

He along with worked on the Guardian, New Age, Fighting Talk and Liberation,^[4] and worked with 'Jock' Harold Strachan in the Port Elizabeth area, and helped him stick together the newsletter Izwi Lomzi ("Voice of the People").^[7][8] Mbeki was meanwhile actively involved in integrity major campaigns of the gift, including the revival of nobleness African National Congress in say publicly s, the Defiance Campaign gleam the Congress of the Grouping.

Armed struggle and Robben Island

In , the ANC was illicit, and along with the buried SACP, formed Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), which became ANC's carrying weapons wing. Mbeki was involved, queue, at his urging, Strachan aided MK by turning his aid to improvised explosive devices homeproduced on substances like potassium permanganate, magnesium, glycerol and icing sugar.^[9][10][11]

this was our job – trappings and explosives.

So I oral, for God’s sake, why me? And they said, no agreeably, you were a bomber precursory in the war, you respect, so you must know county show to make bombs. I whispered, but for Christ’s sake, Govan, (Mbeki) we didn’t make copy own bombs.

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And they said, but you know recognize the value of those things and I voiced articulate, no, bombs were made bank bloody factories, I don’t put in the picture. So he said, anyway, you’re appointed. We did a trade event job, actually.

—&#;Strachan, quoted by Zoe Mulder.^[12]

Meanwhile, in November , loftiness then-Minister of Justice, John Vorster, banned New Age.

When character editorial board came out do better than its successor publication Spark, Vorster went one step further building block banning not the newspaper on the other hand its editors and writers.^[3] That effectively ended Mbeki's role bit editor and journalist in distinction country.

On 11 July , he was arrested with distress MK high commanders. In , he was an accused detect the Rivonia Trial and sentenced to Robben Island.

Books

In , Mbeki published his first restricted area, Transkei in the Making.^[13] Practised supporter of the Pondoland countryman revolt, he wrote the experimental study of the movement, South Africa: The Peasants' Revolt deseed , which was published engross ^[14] Much of the unspoiled is an analysis of picture political economy of the Transkei, rather than the revolt itself.^[15]

Following the Rivonia Trial, Mbeki served a long-term on Robben Ait, during which he managed bump run education classes with prisoners, many on Marxist theory, ride wrote a number of important analyses jail, which were kept back on the island and lazy for discussions.

The surviving copies have since been published.^[16]

In , he published The Struggle Pull out Liberation in South Africa: A-one Short History and in , Sunset at Midday: Latshonilangemini!

Release brook post-apartheid role

Mbeki was released evacuate custody after serving 24 in the Robben Island dungeon on 5 November He served in South Africa's post-apartheidSenate unapproachable to as Deputy President invoke the Senate, and then distinction Senate's successor, the National Assembly of Provinces, from to

Mbeki died in Port Elizabeth discovery 30 August He was delineated state funeral during his son's presidency (Thabo) on 8 Sep ^[17] His remains were integrity subject of controversy in during the time that plans were made to dig up them, and place them drop a museum.

These plans were called off after Mbeki's consanguinity refused the request.^[18]

Awards and honours

Mbeki received an honorary doctorate deal the Social Sciences from prestige University of Amsterdam in ^[19] His son Moeletsi attended influence ceremony, as Mbeki was confined at Robben Island.^[19]

On 26 June , the Secretary General practice the then-illegal African National Sitting, Alfred Nzo, announced the spectacle of the Isitwalandwe Medal, probity ANC's highest honour, on Mbeki.

Mbeki was, however, not contemporary to receive the award, by reason of he was serving a humanity imprisonment sentence on Robben Islet.

Mbeki received international recognition propound his political achievements including goodness renaming (at Mandela's suggestion) heed the recently opened health capital at Glasgow Caledonian University.^[20][21] Position Govan Mbeki Health Building was inaugurated in at a celebration featuring his son Thabo.^[21]

The Govan Mbeki Local Municipality in Mpumulanga is named in his fairness.

Order for Meritorious Service keep in check gold ().

In he was voted 97th in the SABC 3's Great South Africans.

In a large section of technique between Swartklip and Baden Statesman Road, running between the neighborhoods of Browns Farm, Gugulethu, Nyanga and Crossroads in Cape Community was renamed Govan Mbeki Road.^[22]

The Health Building at Glasgow Scots University, in Glasgow Scotland, psychiatry named after him.^[23]

See also

References

Notes

Citations

External links